Basic Principles and Monitoring Preface Basic Principles and Monitoring Cardiovascular Critical Care: Basic Principles and Monitoring Table of contents: Preface Cardiovascular physiology Refresher notes Introduction Conduction Determinants of blood pressure cardiac output Coronary perfusion Difference between right and left sides of the heart Using the pulmonary artery catheter to monitor pulmonary circulation Heart lung interactions Starling equation and the pathophysiology of acute pulmonary oedema Pulmonary oedema due to acute heart failure Heart kidney interactions Conclusion Shock Definitions and recognition Introduction Definition and classification Lactic Acid Central and mixed venous oxygen saturation Arteriovenous carbon dioxide difference Focused echocardiography Conclusion Blood pressure monitoring Introduction Definition Non invasive blood pressure measurement Invasive blood pressure Pressure propagation, resonance and damping Conclusion Central venous catheter and central venous pressure CVC indications and complications CVP trace Conclusion The pulmonary artery catheter Introduction Indications Complications The tool Limitations Measurements Conclusion Cardiac output monitors Principles of haemodynamic monitoring Thermodilution techniques Pulse pressure analysis Calibrated techniques Uncalibrated techniques Conclusion Assessment of fluid responsiveness Introduction Static markers of cardiac preload responsiveness Dynamic tests of preload responsiveness Conclusion Appendixes Vasoactive drugs Vasoactive drugs in critically ill patients General principles Basic Principles and Monitoring Preface Basic Principles and Monitoring
