Acute Kidney Injury Preface Introduction Definition and diagnosis Introduction Executive summary Diagnosis of AKI functional parameters Diagnosis by AKI biomarkers E alerts Epidemiology Incidence Risk assessment and prediction models Patient outcomes Kidney outcome Pathophysiology Introduction Aetiology Pathology in ICU Connection between tubular injury and loss of GFR Pathophysiology of AKI in sepsis Pathophysiology of AKI in major surgery Pathophysiology of AKI in nephrotoxin exposure Contrast associated AKI Conclusion Diagnostic work up Introduction Diagnosis of AKI Diagnostic workup Prevention Fluids Diuretics Vasoactive drugs Drugs for AKI prevention Modifiable risk factors related to critical care Care bundles Conservative treatment Prediction of Progression or Need for RRT General Management Clinical practice Long term outcome Patient outcome Kidney outcome Acute Kidney Injury » Preface Acute Kidney Injury Intended Learning Outcomes Acute Kidney Injury Describe the current diagnostic criteria for acute kidney injury (AKI) and their shortcomings Describe the epidemiology of AKI including patient and kidney outcomes Appreciate that AKI complicating critical illness is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome with multiple pathophysiological mechanisms List the causes of AKI and outline an approach for differential diagnosis Describe preventive measures for AKI Describe the conservative management of AKI Understand the challenges in assessing renal recovery Comprehend the long-term consequences of AKI eModule Information Relevant Competencies from CoBaTrICE Acute Kidney Injury 3.1 Manages the care of the critically ill patient with specific acute medical conditions 3.4 Recognises and manages the patient with, or at risk of, acute renal failure 4.7 Initiates, manages and weans patients from renal replacement therapy 4.8 Recognises and manages electrolyte, glucose and acid-base disturbances Acute Kidney Injury Preface Introduction Definition and diagnosis Introduction Executive summary Diagnosis of AKI functional parameters Diagnosis by AKI biomarkers E alerts Epidemiology Incidence Risk assessment and prediction models Patient outcomes Kidney outcome Pathophysiology Introduction Aetiology Pathology in ICU Connection between tubular injury and loss of GFR Pathophysiology of AKI in sepsis Pathophysiology of AKI in major surgery Pathophysiology of AKI in nephrotoxin exposure Contrast associated AKI Conclusion Diagnostic work up Introduction Diagnosis of AKI Diagnostic workup Prevention Fluids Diuretics Vasoactive drugs Drugs for AKI prevention Modifiable risk factors related to critical care Care bundles Conservative treatment Prediction of Progression or Need for RRT General Management Clinical practice Long term outcome Patient outcome Kidney outcome Acute Kidney Injury » Preface
