Rational use of antimicrobials in the ICU Preface Introduction Antimicrobial stewardship Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic issues in critically ill patients Different antibiotic classes Diagnosis of Infection and Microbiological sampling, biomarkers Starting therapy When not to start antibiotics in the ICU Antibiotic initiation (General) Antibiotic initiation (Selection of the antibiotic regimen) Antibiotic initiation (Dosing) Source control Adapting therapy Frequent reevaluation of therapy and pharmacological optimization De escalation of therapy Duration of therapy Use of biomarkers to guide the duration of therapy Treatment failure Executive Summary Rational use of antimicrobials in the ICU Rational use of antimicrobials in the ICU Table of contents: Preface Introduction Antimicrobial stewardship Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic issues in critically ill patients Different antibiotic classes Diagnosis of Infection and Microbiological sampling, biomarkers Starting therapy When not to start antibiotics in the ICU Antibiotic initiation (General) Antibiotic initiation (Selection of the antibiotic regimen) Antibiotic initiation (Dosing) Source control Adapting therapy Frequent reevaluation of therapy and pharmacological optimization De escalation of therapy Duration of therapy Use of biomarkers to guide the duration of therapy Treatment failure Executive Summary Rational use of antimicrobials in the ICU Preface Introduction Antimicrobial stewardship Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic issues in critically ill patients Different antibiotic classes Diagnosis of Infection and Microbiological sampling, biomarkers Starting therapy When not to start antibiotics in the ICU Antibiotic initiation (General) Antibiotic initiation (Selection of the antibiotic regimen) Antibiotic initiation (Dosing) Source control Adapting therapy Frequent reevaluation of therapy and pharmacological optimization De escalation of therapy Duration of therapy Use of biomarkers to guide the duration of therapy Treatment failure Executive Summary Rational use of antimicrobials in the ICU
