Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Preface Introduction Setting the scene Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics whats in a name? Antimicrobial PK and PD target attainment PK and PD indices and magnitudes Probability of target attainment (PTA) The need for optimized antimicrobial dosing PK changes in critically ill patients implications for antimicrobial dosing hat is pharmacokinetics PK changes in critical illness Alterations in gastro intestinal absorption Alterations in volume of distribution during early sepsis Alterations in drug clearance in septic patients Extracorporeal organ support Pharmacokinetic drug drug interactions Pathogen and infection related determinants of antimicrobial exposure From PK principles to individualized antimicrobial dosing STEP 1 Is dose optimization necessary STEP 2 Learning from previous patients population PK modeling STEP 3 Different approaches for dose optimization STEP 4 Back to the bedside confirmation of the optimized dosing strategy Impact of optimized dosing in the ICU setting an overview of the evidence Vancomycin Beta lactam antibiotics Aminoglycosides Antifungal agents Current state and future directions which evidence is still needed Antimicrobial dosing at the bedside practical recommendations A practical approach to antimicrobial dosing Practical aspects of antimicrobial administration Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Antimicrobial PK/PD and need for dose optimisation in critically ill patients Table of contents: Preface Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Preface Introduction Setting the scene Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics whats in a name? Antimicrobial PK and PD target attainment PK and PD indices and magnitudes Probability of target attainment (PTA) The need for optimized antimicrobial dosing PK changes in critically ill patients implications for antimicrobial dosing hat is pharmacokinetics PK changes in critical illness Alterations in gastro intestinal absorption Alterations in volume of distribution during early sepsis Alterations in drug clearance in septic patients Extracorporeal organ support Pharmacokinetic drug drug interactions Pathogen and infection related determinants of antimicrobial exposure From PK principles to individualized antimicrobial dosing STEP 1 Is dose optimization necessary STEP 2 Learning from previous patients population PK modeling STEP 3 Different approaches for dose optimization STEP 4 Back to the bedside confirmation of the optimized dosing strategy Impact of optimized dosing in the ICU setting an overview of the evidence Vancomycin Beta lactam antibiotics Aminoglycosides Antifungal agents Current state and future directions which evidence is still needed Antimicrobial dosing at the bedside practical recommendations A practical approach to antimicrobial dosing Practical aspects of antimicrobial administration Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
